Abstract Recent events involving iron ore tailings dam collapses have emphasized the need for developing alternative ways of depositing tailings. This study aims to evaluate the effects of using three hydroxamates and a sulfosuccinamate as collectors in the direct flotation of iron ore tailings, using a bench flotation. The best result obtained on bench flotation was tested in a pneumatic cell. The sample used in this study (10.8% of Fe) consists of quartz and hematite. The Aero® 6494 Promoter hydroxamate showed the highest selectivity among the analyzed reagents, reaching 64.31% of Fe in the final product of the test with the < 150 µm sample. The possibility of using these reagents as constituents of a mixed collector with dodecylamine was also investigated. In this case, the Aero® 845 Promoter sulfosuccinamate yielded the best results, with 62.84% of Fe and 59.01% of metallurgical recovery of Fe. The synergistic effect between the two reagents might be explained by the stability of the monolayer formed by the intercalation of the ions from the dodecylamine and the Aero® 845 Promoter, which reduces the electrostatic repulsion between ions of the same species This mixed collector was tested in a pneumatic cell. However, it had a lower performance in terms of Fe metallurgical recovery than in a bench-scale cell test, mainly for the finest particles, due to the greater control of the process’s variables in the bench cell.

ABSTRACT: Surface contamination by pathogenic and deteriorating microorganisms is a constant concern in the food industry. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), produced using the essential oil of Lippia origanoides Kunth and ethanolic extract of Hymenaea martiana Hayne, against bacteria used in milk processing. For this, AgNPs were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated for minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, time-kill, interference on the biofilm, and application on the surfaces of different materials. AgNPs showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis (ATCC 10708), Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.,andPseudomonas aeruginosa,and interfered with biofilm formation more than with consolidated biofilms. A 1hour period was sufficient to reduce the bacterial cells, whereas a Minimum Duration for Killing (MDK) of 99% was reached after approximately 30 min. AgNPs were effective against bacteria attached to stainless steel and polyethylene, but ineffective on tile surfaces. Thus, owing to the growing microbial resistance and the need to develop new products based on the concepts of green chemistry, these AgNPs are presented as a new possibility for cleaning processes in the food industry.

RESUMO: A contaminação de superfícies por micro-organismos patogênicos e deteriorantes é uma preocupação constante na indústria de alimentos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de nanopartículas de prata (AgNPs) produzidas utilizando óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides Kunth e extrato etanólico da Hymenaea martiana Hayne, frente a bactérias de importância na contaminação em áreas de processamento do leite. Para isso, as AgNPs foram sintetizadas e sua atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada através das concentrações inibitória e bactericida mínimas, tempo de morte, interferência sobre o biofilme, e por fim, a sua aplicação sobre superfícies de diferentes materiais. As AgNPs apresentaram atividade bacteriostática e/ou bactericida frente à Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis (ATCC 10708), Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e interferiram na formação do biofilme mais do que sobre o biofilme consolidado. O tempo de uma hora foi o suficiente para reduzir as populações bacterianas, enquanto o Minimum Duration for Killing MDK 99% foi atingido próximo a 30 minutos. As AgNPs foram eficientes contra bactérias aderidas ao inox e ao polietileno. Assim, tendo em vista a crescente resistência microbiana e o desenvolvimento de novos produtos baseados nos conceitos da química verde, essas nanopartículas de prata apresentam-se como uma nova possibilidade de uso nos processos de higienização da indústria de alimentos.

Abstract Objective The present study aims to analyze the use of shoulder imbalance as a parameter for scoliosis screening as well as its relationship with other parameters of physical examination. Methods This study assesses a smartphone application that analyzes several parameters of the physical examination in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Medical and non-medical examiners applied the screening tool in students in a public school and in a private sports club. After data collection, interobserver correlation was done to verify shoulder imbalance and to compare shoulder imbalance with Adam's bending test and with trunk rotation. Results Eighty-nine participants were examined, 18 of whom were women and 71 of whom were men. Two subjects were excluded from the analysis. The mean age of subjects from the public school was 11.30 years and, for those from the sports club, it was 11.92 years. The examiners had poor-to-slight interobserver concordance on shoulder asymmetry in the anterior and posterior view. No significant statistical correlation was found between shoulder asymmetry and positive Adam's forward bending test. Conclusion Our preliminary study shows that the shoulder asymmetry has a poor correlation with the Adam's forward bending test and measuring trunk rotation using a scoliometer. Therefore, the use of shoulder imbalance might not be useful for idiopathic scoliosis screening. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic Study

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o uso da assimetria de ombros como parâmetro para a triagem de escoliose e sua relação a outros parâmetros do exame físico. Métodos Este estudo avalia um aplicativo para smartphone que analisa diversos parâmetros do exame físico de adolescentes com escoliose idiopática. Examinadores médicos e não médicos utilizaram o instrumento de triagem em alunos de uma escola pública e de um clube esportivo privado. Após a coleta de dados, a correlação interobservador foi determinada para verificar a assimetria de ombros e compará-la ao teste de inclinação de Adam e à medição da rotação do tronco. Resultados Oitenta e nove participantes foram examinados, sendo 18 do sexo feminino e 71 do sexo masculino. Dois indivíduos foram excluídos da análise. A média de idade dos participantes da escola pública foi de 11,30 anos e do clube esportivo, 11,92 anos. Os examinadores apresentaram concordância interobservador baixa a branda quanto à assimetria de ombros em incidência anterior e posterior. Não houve correlação estatística significativa entre a assimetria de ombros e o resultado positivo no teste de inclinação do tronco de Adam. Conclusão Nosso estudo preliminar mostra que a assimetria de ombros tem baixa correlação com o teste de inclinação de Adam e assim como com a medição de rotação do tronco com escoliômetro. Portanto, o uso da assimetria de ombros pode não ser útil na triagem da escoliose idiopática. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo Diagnóstico

Abstract Objective To evaluate the biomechanical capacity of two forms of fixation for Pipkin type-II fractures, describing the vertical fracture deviation, the maximum and minimum principal stresses, and the Von Mises equivalent stress in the syntheses used. Materials and Methods Two internal fasteners were developed to treat Pipkin type-II fractures through finite elements: a 3.5-mm cortical screw and a Herbert screw. Under the same conditions, the vertical fracture deviation, the maximum and minimum principal stresses, and the Von Mises equivalent stress in the syntheses used were evaluated. Results The vertical displacements evaluated were of 1.5mm and 0.5mm. The maximum principal stress values obtained in the upper region of the femoral neck were of 9.7 KPa and 1.3 Kpa, and the minimum principal stress values obtained in the lower region of the femoral neck were of-8.7 KPa and -9.3 KPa. Finally, the peak values for Von Mises stress were of 7.2 GPa and 2.0 GPa for the fixation models with the use of the 3.5-mm cortical screw and the Herbert screw respectively. Conclusion The fixation system with the Herbert screw generated the best results in terms of reduction of vertical displacement, distribution of the maximum principal stress, and the peak Von Mises equivalent stress, demonstrating mechanical superiority compared to that of the 3.5-mm cortical screw in the treatment of Pipkin type-II fractures.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a capacidade biomecánica de duas formas de fixação de fraturas tipo II de Pipkin descrevendo o desvio da fratura no sentido vertical, as tensões máxima e mínima principais, e a tensão equivalente de Von Mises nas sínteses utilizadas. Materiais e Métodos Dois fixadores internos foram desenvolvidos para tratar a fratura tipo II de Pipkin por meio de elementos finitos: parafuso cortical de 3,5 mm e parafuso de Herbert. Sob as mesmas condições, foram avaliados o desvio da fratura no sentido vertical, as tensões máxima e mínima principais, e a tensão equivalente de Von Mises nas sínteses utilizadas. Resultados Os deslocamentos verticais avaliados foram de 1,5 mm e 0,5 mm. Os valores de tensão máxima obtidos na região superior do colo femoral foram de 9,7 KPa e 1,3 KPa, e os valores de tensão mínima obtidos na região inferior do colo femoral foram de -8,7KPa e -9,3 KPa. Por fim, os valores de pico da tensão equivalente de Von Misesforam de 7,2 GPa e2,0 GPa paraosmodelos de fixação com o uso do parafuso cortical de 3,5 mm e do parafuso de Herbert, respectivamente. Conclusão Osistema de fixação com parafuso de Herbert gerou os melhores resultados em termos de redução do deslocamento vertical, distribuição da tensão máxima e do pico da tensão equivalente de Von Mises, o que demonstra sua superioridade mecânica comparada à do parafuso cortical de 3,5 mm no tratamento da fratura tipo II de Pipkin.

Resumen La investigación moderna, tanto en humanos como preclínica, que utiliza modelos animales indica que fumar durante la edad adolescente resulta en cambios cerebrales y psicológicos a corto y largo plazo en el fumador, así como en un aumento significativo en los riesgos de desarrollar adicción al tabaco durante la vida. Por lo tanto, en la presente revisión narrativa se describirán y profundizarán los hallazgos investigativos modernos de la psicobiología de la adolescencia y los efectos del tabaco en el desarrollo, con un énfasis particular en la comprensión de los efectos psicológicos y cerebrales del consumo de tabaco durante la adolescencia, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Se considerarán de manera detallada los avances investigativos sobre la psicobiología de la adolescencia y sus riesgos en las adicciones desde los aspectos: conductual, cognitivo, reactividad al estrés y psicobiología. Sobre esta base, se revisará la investigación sobre la psicobiología de la adolescencia y la evidencia de vulnerabilidad a la adicción durante esta etapa. Al final, se abordarán los efectos del tabaco en el cerebro y conducta durante el desarrollo adolescente y vida posterior, ya que se ha encontrado evidencia relacionada con alteraciones cerebrales crónicas en los sistemas colinérgicos y regiones cerebrales asociadas con la dependencia de la nicotina. Se espera que la revisión y divulgación de esta información en el idioma español sea de valor para la comprensión de los problemas de vulnerabilidad y predisposiciones a la adicción al tabaco en el contexto de Latinoamérica.

Abstract Tobacco use and its harmful health-related problems have become one of the largest modern preventable public health issues. Current research strongly suggests that smoking during adolescence enhances addictive smoking behaviors during life, which can be related to adolescence as a critical ontogenetic period characterized by behaviors that can increase the probability of risk-related behaviors such as sensation and novelty seeking. Adolescent development is also a period of maturation of frontal and subcortical neural systems, brain changes that underlie higher impulsivity tendencies to promote adequate learning and adaptations necessary to succeed the novel challenges of the adult life, but those changes also enhance vulnerabilities to the addictive effects of drugs. Consistent with this, tobacco use affects brain development processes which underlie long-term psychobiological alterations and the enhanced risks for tobacco addiction during adult life. Thus, the present review describes current psychobiological approaches to understand general addiction processes and tobacco addiction, highlighting the behavioral and neural short-term effects of tobacco use during adolescence and its long-term effects during adulthood. Current research has advanced on four aspects for the understanding of both the psychobiology of adolescent development and the effects of drugs of abuse during this time. The first aspect is behavioral, as adolescence is related to important changes on motivational and emotional behaviors such as sensation seeking. Other important behavioral changes are social approach, a higher variety of opportunity for personal choices, and development of personal independence. Research on a second aspect has focused on cognition. A review of research is presented showing enhanced abilities during adolescence development for reading, abstract and logical thinking, and novel problem solving. Stress reactivity is the third aspect of reviewed psychobiological mechanisms. The stress biological system undergoes important changes during adolescence, including changes on stress-related hormones and neural architecture. An important issue is that exposure to early and/or chronic stressful circumstances during adolescence could be related to higher risk to the start and maintenance of addiction states, as suggested by research assessing the disruptive effects of stress on psychobiological homeostatic processes needed to maintain stable biological and emotional regulation. The fourth aspect is psychobiology. In this section research is reviewed related to the development of monoaminergic brain circuits underlying motivation, novelty-seeking, impulsivity, and addiction processes. Using as model the previous review integration, the effects of nicotine are discussed, the essential addictive component of tobacco, on the neurochemical systems underlying tobacco addiction. Following this, important research is introduced that describes psychobiological changes during adolescence and evidence of vulnerability to addiction during this life stage. Then, current research on both short-term and long-term effects of tobacco or nicotine administration during adolescence on the brain, behavior, and cognition is introduced. The current research advances and discussions on the psychobiology of addictions in general, and tobacco addiction in particular, have been possible to a large extent from the use of animal models and preclinical research, since animal models have become crucial to identify learning, motivational, emotional, and cognitive mechanisms that underlie addictive processes, and making possible to perform experimental procedures to discover the functioning and participation of biological components. One example of such components is the cholinergic system, which is activated by nicotine and is part of the neurochemical machinery on different brain areas important for both tobacco addiction and adolescence development such as the dorsal striatum, amygdala, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. The present review and research divulgation written in Spanish are expected to clarify modern research on addiction and encourage current scientific education on the vulnerabilities and predispositions for tobacco abuse in Latin-American countries.

RESUMO: O cultivo de soja e milho safrinha avança em condições edafoclimáticas restritivas, como nos PLINTOSSOLOS PÈTRICOS, que apresentam proporções consideráveis de cascalho no seu perfil e são deficientes em cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn). Não se sabe os efeitos de doses de Cu e Zn na nutrição da soja cultivada em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO, nem se os níveis considerados adequados para outros solos são suficientes para solos cascalhentos, ou ainda, se altas doses de Cu e Zn podem causar toxidez nas plantas de soja. O objetivo foi comparar a resposta a doses de Cu e Zn em soja cultivada em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO e em LATOSSOLO, a fim de identificar alterações provocadas pelo solo com cascalho, e adicionalmente, avaliar o efeito residual da adubação feita na soja para o milho safrinha cultivado no LATOSSOLO. Quatro experimentos foram desenvolvidos com doses de Cu e Zn aplicadas via solo na cultura da soja em LATOSSOLO e em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO. Houve a mesma taxa de incremento na concentração de Zn no tecido foliar da soja nos dois solos estudados, para cada kg ha-1 de Zn aplicado, o incremento foi de 0,7 mg·kg-1 demonstrando que não há diferença de um solo com ou sem cascalho para os efeitos da adubação. As doses de oxissulfato de Zn e Cu aplicadas via solo não causaram efeito residual no milho safrinha. As maiores doses de Cu e Zn não causaram efeito tóxico nas plantas. Os principais critérios de interpretação de Cu e Zn em análise do solo se aplicam para soja cultivada em PLINTOSSOLO PÉTRICO.

ABSTRACT: Cultivation of soybean and off-season corn is advancing in areas under restricted edaphoclimatic conditions, such as petric plinthosols, which have significant proportions of gravel and are deficiency in micro-nutrients such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). The effects of Cu and Zn concentrations on soybean nutrition cultivated in petric plinthosol are unclear, and it is unknown whether the levels considered adequate for other soils are sufficient for gravely soils, or even if higher Cu and Zn rates can cause a toxic effect in soybean. The objective was to compare the response of soybean grown in petric plinthosol and ferralsol to Cu and Zn doses for identifying the changes induced by gravel soils and to evaluate the residual effect on off-season corn grown in ferralsol. Four experiments were carried out with Cu and Zn doses applied to soil with the soybean crop in ferralsol and plinthosol. The leaf tissues of soybean crops in the two soils showed the same rate of increase in Zn concentrations, for each kg·ha-1 of Zn applied, the increase in Zn was 0.7 mg·kg-1, suggesting no difference in the effect of Zn fertilization between soils with and without gravel. The dosages of Zn and Cu Oxysulfate applied to soil did not cause residual effects in the off-season corn. The highest doses of Cu and Zn did not have any toxic effects on the plants. The main criteria for interpreting Cu and Zn in soil analysis are thus also applicable to soybean crops grown in petric plinthosol.

Abstract Objective: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis is a complex hereditary disease that exposes the carrier to a great risk of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). After prophylactic surgery, intra-abdominal desmoid tumors are known to be one the most important cause of death. Therefore, recognition of increased-risk patients and modification of operative strategy may be crucial. Aim: The objective of this study was to estimate the desmoid tumor risk in relation to various surgical and clinical variables. Methods: Patients who had undergone polyposis since 1958 were included in the study. After exclusion criteria were met, those who had developed desmoid tumors were selected to undergo further evaluation. Results: The study revealed that the risk of developing desmoid tumors was associated with various factors such as sex ratio, colectomy, and reoperations. On the other hand, the type of surgery, family history, and surgical approach did not affect the risk of developing desmoid tumors. The data collected from 146 polyposis patients revealed that 16% had desmoid polyps. The sex ratio was 7:1, and the median age at colectomy was 28.6 years. Family history, multiple abdominal operations, and reoperations were some of the characteristics that were common in desmoid patients. Conclusion: Recognition of clinical (female sex) and surgical (timing of surgery and previous reoperations) data as unfavorable variables associated with greater risk may be useful during the decision-making process.

ABSTRACT. The use of powdered graphite as a solid lubricant to reduce friction among soybean seeds during mechanical sowing aims to facilitate the seed flow into the seed reservoir, while reducing mechanical damage to the seed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of graphite on the longitudinal deposition of soybean seeds using mechanical and pneumatic feeders at different distribution velocities. The experiment was performed on a static simulation-test bench, with a completely randomized design with two varying factors: graphite dose (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1 seed) and distribution velocity (5, 7, 9, and 11 km h-1 for the pneumatic feeder; and 3, 5, 7, and 9 km h-1 for the mechanical feeder). To assess the homogeneity of seed distribution, the frequency of parameters such as double, flawed, and acceptable spacings, coefficient of variation, and precision index were evaluated from five repetitions of 250 spacing each. For the pneumatic feeder, the optimal values to maximize precision of seed deposition were 4.6 g kg-1 and 6.7 km h-1 of graphite dose and distribution velocity, respectively. In turn, the optimal values to minimize undesirable spacing while maximizing accuracy with the mechanical feeder were 4.9±0.6 g kg-1 and 4.9±0.3 km h-1. Overall, regardless of feeding mechanism, the use of graphite promoted greater efficiency in the distribution of seeds owing to the higher level of fluidity inside the reservoir; however, high doses can cause the opposite effect. In addition, an excessive increase in speed influenced seed distribution negatively.

ABSTRACT. There is currently a lack of information in the literature on the integrated production of macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) and soybean (Glycine max) crops, and the importance of expanding integrated production systems; therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the effects of macauba shading on growth, development, and productivity of different soybean cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (4 × 2), with four cultivars and two production systems (monoculture and crop-forest integration), and four replicates per treatment. All soybean cultivars in the crop-forest integration system showed plant stagnation due to the shade level of the palm trees, as well as a reduction in the leaf area index and chlorophyll content in the leaves. Regarding reproductive parameters, grain, and oil yield, the cultivars responded differently between the production systems, revealing an interaction between the genotype and the environment. Our methodology was not favorable to soybean production; therefore, the management of spacing between palm trees and the selection of soybean genotypes that are more adapted to shaded environments are strategies that can allow for the integrated production of these species.

Abstract Background Major advances have been seen in techniques and devices for performing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs), but there are limited real-world practice data from developing countries. Objectives To report clinical and angiographic characteristics, procedural aspects, and clinical outcomes of CTO PCI performed at dedicated centers in Brazil. Methods Included patients underwent CTO PCI at centers participating in the LATAM CTO Registry, a Latin American multicenter registry dedicated to prospective collection of these data. Inclusion criteria were procedures performed in Brazil, age 18 years or over, and presence of CTO with PCI attempt. CTO was defined as a 100% lesion in an epicardial coronary artery, known or estimated to have lasted at least 3 months. Results Data on 1196 CTO PCIs were included. Procedures were performed primarily for angina control (85%) and/or treatment of moderate/severe ischemia (24%). Technical success rate was 84%, being achieved with antegrade wire approaches in 81% of procedures, antegrade dissection and re-entry in 9%, and retrograde approaches in 10%. In-hospital adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 2.3% of cases, with a mortality rate of 0.75%. Conclusions CTOs can be treated effectively in Brazil by using PCI, with low complication rates. The scientific and technological development observed in this area in the past decade is reflected in the clinical practice of dedicated Brazilian centers.

Resumo Fundamento Tem sido observado um grande avanço nas técnicas e nos dispositivos para a realização de intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICP) em oclusões totais coronarianas crônicas (OTC), mas existem poucos dados da prática do mundo real em países em desenvolvimento. Objetivos Relatar as características clínicas e angiográficas, os aspectos dos procedimentos e os resultados clínicos da ICP de OTC em centros dedicados a esse procedimento no Brasil. Métodos Os pacientes incluídos foram submetidos à ICP de OTC em centros participantes do LATAM CTO Registry, um registro multicêntrico latino-americano dedicado à coleta prospectiva desses dados. Os critérios de inclusão foram procedimentos realizados no Brasil, idade acima de 18 anos e presença de OTC com tentativa de ICP. A definição de OTC foi lesão de 100% em uma artéria coronária epicárdica, conhecida ou estimada como tendo pelo menos 3 meses de evolução. Resultados Foram incluídos dados de 1.196 ICPs de OTC. Os procedimentos foram realizados principalmente para controle da angina (85%) e/ou tratamento de uma grande área isquêmica (24%). A taxa de sucesso técnico foi de 84% e foi alcançada com técnicas de fios anterógrados em 81%, dissecção/reentrada anterógrada em 9% e retrógrada em 10% dos procedimentos. Os eventos cardiovasculares adversos intra-hospitalares ocorreram em 2,3% dos casos, sendo a mortalidade de 0,75%. Conclusões As OTC podem ser tratadas no Brasil por intervenção coronária percutânea de forma efetiva e com baixas taxas de complicações. O desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico observado nessa área na última década reflete-se na prática clínica de centros brasileiros dedicados a essa técnica.

Abstract Background Refractory hypertension (RfH) is a severe phenotype of resistant hypertension (RH) linked to higher risk of stroke and other adverse cardiovascular events, but knowledge about it is still lacking. Objectives To evaluate the association between RfH and stroke. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in a referral clinic for patients with severe hypertension in the period from 2018 to 2020. RH was defined as uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) despite the use of 3 antihypertensive agents, including a diuretic, or the use of ≥ 4 agents regardless of BP control. RfH was defined as lack of BP control despite use of ≥ 5 antihypertensive agents. Individuals were classified as RfH or RH, and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between RfH and stroke. Results We evaluated a total of 137 patients; 81% were female, and 93,3% were Black or multiracial. The mean age was 64.4 years. Stroke was more prevalent in the RfH group (35.7%), in comparison to the RH group (12.8%) (p value = 0.01). Unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for factors associated with stroke were RfH (OR 3.77; 95% CI 1.45 to 9.80), systolic BP (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.002 to 1.04) and diastolic BP (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.001 to 1.06). Adjusted OR for factors associated with stroke were RfH (OR 3.55; 95% CI 1.02 to 12.42), systolic BP (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.05) and diastolic BP (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.06). Conclusion RfH was associated with higher prevalence of stroke. Efforts are required to better understand this association to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes in these patients.

ABSTRACT Background: classical models of microsurgical anastomosis training are expensive and have ethical implications. Some alternatives join low cost and easiness to store. However, the translation of knowledge acquired by training in these methods into the traditional ones is not clear. This project aims to assess the feasibility of konjac noodles as a reliable microsurgery-training model. Methods: 10 neurosurgery residents performed an end-to-end anastomosis in a 2-3mm placenta artery. The anastomoses were evaluated quantitatively, recording time; and qualitatively, applying a validated score (Anastomosis Lapse Index - ALI) by three experienced neurosurgeons and verifying the presence of gross leakage through the infusion of fluorescein. Subsequently, they performed 10 non-consecutive sessions of anastomosis training in the konjac noodle. Eventually, a final anastomosis in the placenta model was performed and the same parameters were scored. Results: we observed a 17min reduction in the mean time to perform the anastomosis in the placenta model after the training in the konjac (p<0.05). There was a non-significant 20% reduction in gross leakage, but the training sessions were not able to consistently improve the ALI score. Conclusions: we demonstrate a reduction in anastomosis performing time in placental arteries after training sessions in the konjac noodle model, which can be regarded as a feasible low-cost method, particularly useful in centers with surgical microscopes only in the operation room.

ABSTRACT Introdução: modelos tradicionais de treinamento de anastomose microcirúrgica costumam ter custos elevados e implicações éticas de aquisição e manutenção, buscando-se alternativas que reúnam baixo custo e facilidade de armazenamento. Existem diferentes propostas, porém há poucas evidências de que conhecimentos adquiridos com o treinamento nessas plataformas se traduza em melhora na performance, quando estes são comparados a modelos consagrados. Este projeto objetiva avaliar a viabilidade do macarrão de konjac como modelo confiável de treinamento microcirúrgico. Métodos: 10 residentes de neurocirurgia realizaram uma anastomose término-terminal em artéria placentária humana de 2-3mm. As anastomoses foram avaliadas quantitativamente, registrando-se o tempo de confecção e qualitativamente, aplicando-se um escore validado (Anastomosis Lapse Index – ALI) por neurocirurgiões experientes e verificando-se a presença de vazamento grosseiro através da visualização no modo fluorescente injetando-se fluoresceína. Subsequentemente, realizaram 10 sessões de treinamento não consecutivos de anastomose términoterminal no modelo de konjac. Por fim, uma anastomose final foi realizada no modelo placentário e os mesmo parâmetros reavaliados. Resultados: observamos uma redução de 17 min no tempo médio de confecção da anastomose no modelo de placenta após os treinos no modelo do macarrão (p<0.05). Houve uma redução não significativa de 20% no vazamento grosseiro. As sessões de treino no macarrão não foram capazes de melhorar consistentemente o score ALI. Conclusão: o treinamento em modelo de macarrão konjac é capaz de reduzir o tempo para realização das anastomoses no modelo em placenta humana, mostrando-se alternativa viável de baixo custo e manutenção, útil em serviços que disponham de microscópio apenas no ambiente cirúrgico.

Abstract Dunbar syndrome is diagnosed by excluding other possible causes of abdominal pains. Surgical treatment comprises complete dissection of the ligament and the surrounding nerve ganglion. This report describes the case of a previously healthy 45-year-old male patient who presented with epigastric abdominal pain irradiating to the back and weakness. Initially, abdominal computed tomography was ordered, showing arteriopathy of the celiac trunk and mesenteric artery with stenosis. The patient underwent surgical treatment because of the refractory pain, but findings were nonspecific. It was necessary to continue workup with serial angiotomography to follow the case. After around 6 months, thickening of the arcuate ligament was found, with compression of the proximal third of the celiac trunk and 80% stenosis. The patient therefore underwent laparoscopy to relieve celiac trunk compression, with satisfactory postoperative recovery.

Resumo A síndrome de Dunbar constitui um diagnóstico de exclusão dentro dos quadros de dor abdominal. O tratamento cirúrgico consiste na dissecção completa do ligamento e do gânglio nervoso circundante. Dessa forma, o presente caso refere-se a um paciente do sexo masculino, 45 anos, previamente hígido, com queixa de dor abdominal epigástrica com irradiação para o dorso e fraqueza. Inicialmente, foi realizada tomografia computadorizada de abdome para complementação do quadro, que evidenciou arteriopatia do tronco celíaco e da artéria mesentérica em associação com estenose. Optou-se por tratamento cirúrgico devido à refratariedade da dor, mas os achados foram inespecíficos. Houve necessidade de complementação da propedêutica com angiotomografia seriada para acompanhamento do caso. Após cerca de 6 meses, notou-se espessamento do ligamento arqueado, com compressão do terço proximal do tronco celíaco e estenose de 80%. Em meio a esse cenário, o paciente foi submetido a laparoscopia para descompressão do tronco celíaco, evoluindo satisfatoriamente no pós-operatório.

Abstract A new epigean asellid isopod, Caecidotea contrerasbalderasi sp. nov. is described from Nayarit, northwestern Mexico. This new species has morphological characters belonging to two different types of environments, both depigmentation and anophthalmia, indicators of organisms adapted to live in constant darkness as cavernicolous species. Despite showing characteristics of hypogean species, the new taxon does not show elongation of appendages, such as pereiopods, antennae or uropods. Its pleopod IV exopod lacks false sutures. This is a new pattern type “C”, and differs from that observed in types A and B. The description of this new species brings a new total of 101 species and three subspecies, for the genus Caecidotea in North America all morphologically poorly differentiated and with a restricted distribution.